Scientific Reference
Melanotan II (MT-II)
Evidence profile: Human Phase 1 evidence
Melanotan II (MT-II) is a synthetic analog of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) that activates multiple melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R). It was originally developed as a sunless tanning agent but is also associated with effects on sexual arousal and appetite regulation due to broader receptor activity. Unlike Melanotan I, MT-II is non-selective across melanocortin receptors, resulting in both pigmentation effects and systemic neurological and metabolic effects. It produces rapid tanning, often without UV exposure, though minimal UV exposure enhances results.
Mechanism of Action
Melanotan II binds to melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R). MC1R activation stimulates melanocytes to produce eumelanin, increasing skin pigmentation. MC4R activation influences sexual arousal and appetite regulation, while MC3R and MC5R contribute to additional metabolic and physiological effects. This broad receptor activity explains both its tanning and systemic effects.
Molecular Information
- Type: Melanocortin receptor agonist (non-selective α-MSH analog)
- Length: 7 amino acids
- Molecular weight: 1024.2 g/mol
- Molecular formula: C50H69N15O9
- CAS: 121062-08-6
Published Research
Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review
Habbema L et al. · International journal of dermatology · 2017 · Review
PMID 28266027 — View on PubMedEvaluation of melanotan-II, a superpotent cyclic melanotropic peptide in a pilot phase-I clinical study
Dorr RT et al. · Life sciences · 1996 · Clinical
PMID 8637402 — View on PubMedMelanotan II: a possible cause of renal infarction: review of the literature and case report
Peters B et al. · CEN case reports · 2020 · Review
PMID 31953620 — View on PubMedMelanotan-associated melanoma
Paurobally D et al. · The British journal of dermatology · 2011 · Preclinical
PMID 21564053 — View on PubMed