Scientific Reference
AHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-3)
Evidence profile: Predominantly preclinical
AHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-3) is a synthetic copper-binding tripeptide composed of alanine, histidine, and lysine complexed with a divalent copper ion (Cu²⁺). It is structurally analogous to GHK-Cu, differing by a single amino acid substitution at the N-terminus, which contributes to its more targeted activity in dermal papilla cells and hair follicles. The compound is primarily investigated for its role in hair growth and skin regeneration. It has demonstrated the ability to stimulate follicular activity, enhance vascular signaling, and modulate pathways associated with hair miniaturization. In addition to hair-focused applications, AHK-Cu supports fibroblast activation and collagen synthesis, contributing to improved skin structure and repair.
Mechanism of Action
AHK-Cu delivers bioavailable copper to dermal papilla cells and hair follicles following topical application. It stimulates proliferation pathways and increases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, reducing apoptosis within follicular cells. Additionally, it upregulates VEGF to enhance microvascular circulation, suppresses TGF-β1 to counteract DHT-mediated follicle miniaturization, and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to reduce oxidative stress. These combined mechanisms support hair growth and improve follicle health.
Molecular Information
- Type: Copper tripeptide complex
- Length: 3 amino acids
- Molecular weight: 451.39 g/mol
- Molecular formula: C15H24ClCuN6O4-